History of England
Thousands of years ago, immigrants from different places came to the British Isles and settled in this area. Archaeological discoveries from this point, which include stone tools and footprints in Norfolk, have proven that 800,000 years ago early humans lived in present-day England. One of the oldest evidences of human presence in Northwest Europe is a piece of human jaw bone. This piece of bone was found in the first half of the 20th century from the Kentscavern area and proved the claim of archaeologists and historians of the history of England that this land is several hundred thousand years old. Archaeologists have estimated the age of the exposed jawbone to be around 41,000 to 44,000 years old. Today Eli Gesht in Zang history has a short trip to the long history of this land and examines the history of England.
England in the millennia BC
Continuous human migrations continued to the land in question until the end of the last ice age. During this period, which is about 12,000 years ago, immigrants from other lands moved to the land of today's England for permanent settlement. There are traces and remains from the Mesolithic and Neolithic eras, and also from the Bronze Age, traces and evidences have been obtained from various parts of this land. The people living in this area in the Iron Age were Celts in the south and Belgian tribes in the southeast.
With the conquest of England in 43 BC by the Romans, the control of the British state fell to the conquering Romans until the 5th century AD. After the reign of the Romans, the Anglo-Saxons settled in England. Researchers and historians of the history of England consider the presence and settlement of the Anglo-Saxons in this land as the starting point and formation of the country of England and the birth of the English race. The Anglo-Saxons were Germanic people and created several kingdoms, which were actually the first signs of the emergence of powers in England and a part of Scotland.
The Anglo-Saxons brought the Old English language to this new land. They replaced Old English with the British language which was the previous language of this land. During this period, the Anglo-Saxons were constantly at war with the British governments in various places, including Wales, Cornwall, etc.
But it was from around 800 AD that the continuous invasions of the Vikings began and they took control of large parts of the region, it was during this time that the rulers of this land made a relentless effort to unite the various Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, and as a result, in the century 10 AD, these efforts led to the emergence of the Kingdom of England.
In the middle of the 11th century, the Normans attacked England and conquered this land. As a result, William the Conqueror founded the Norman dynasty, a dynasty that dominated England for more than half a century, but at the end of the period of crisis and conflict over the king's successor, arrived The period in the history of England is called the period of anarchy.
Hundred Years' War in England
In such a period, the Plantagene dynasty had the sovereignty of England under their control. But the Plantagene family is not only satisfied with the sovereignty of England, but also claims the sovereignty of the Kingdom of France. As a result, the crisis of succession arose, and after that, a series of wars, which is known as the Hundred Years' War, arose in the history of England.
These hundred-year wars were non-stop conflicts that engaged and entertained both the nation and the government and the rulers of the two lands. But England's problem was not only the Hundred Years' Wars, and after these wars, this kingdom was involved in a power struggle and internal succession. In the War of the Roses, two branches of the Plantagene dynasty, the House of York and the House of Lancaster, fought each other, and the person who ended the conflict between these two families and the War of the Roses was a person named Henry Theodore.
World empire
Henry Theodore created the Theodore Dynasty in this part of England's history in this land. Now the history of England was going to enter the most important chapter of its history. The rule of the Theodores and after them, the Stuart dynasty, turned England into a world colonial power. During the Stuart period, this land was engaged in civil wars, in the midst of the wars, King Charles I was executed and republican governments were established. But eventually, after a long period of conflict and war, the Stuarts regained the throne. In the 12th century, Wales was conquered by England. In the 18th century, he made an alliance with Scotland and created the kingdom of Great Britain.
With the beginning of the industrial revolution, Great Britain has become a world empire and not only in the history of England, but in the history of the world as the largest empire. Although after the anti-colonial and decolonization movements of the 20th century, a large part of this huge empire became independent and declared independence, but its cultural effects still exist on a large scale in the countries of the world.
Victorian era
After George IV, William IV and after him Queen Victoria ascended the throne. The 64-year reign of this queen, who ascended to the throne at the age of 18, is known as the Victorian era, and it was during this period that the extent of England's colonies in the world reached its peak. The Victorian era was the era of the establishment of large oil companies such as the East India Company, Royal Dutch Shell, Burma Oil Company and Iran and England Oil Company. In the first half of the 19th century, the Conservative Party of England was formed. William Gladstone from the Liberal Party and Benjamin Disraeli from the Conservative Party are considered the most important prime ministers of the Victorian era.
One of the most famous battles of the Victorian era is the Battle of Waterloo. Finally, in 1901, Queen Victoria said goodbye to the royal throne and the world, and her son, named Edward VII, who was from the Saxe-Coburg-Gotha family, succeeded to the throne of England. During the Second World War, Winston Churchill was the Prime Minister of England, and during the First World War, the famous BBC was founded. With the end of the war, based on the Treaty of Versailles, England gained most of the German possessions in Africa.
