Ardabil is one of the ancient and historical cities of Iran. This city is located near the border of the Republic of Azerbaijan and has a high altitude and is considered one of the coldest cities in Iran, which has many natural attractions. This city is located 591 km from Tehran and 219 km from Tabriz. Stay with Kajaro.
The general appearance of Ardabil city is affected by the heights of Sablan, Talesh and Bezghosh mountains, which are enclosed by these natural factors. Ardabil is a region located in the eastern part of Azerbaijan and Balghchai (Mahirud) is drunk from that region, the center of this province is the city of Ardabil located at 84 degrees and 2 minutes east longitude and 83 degrees north latitude. This city is built on a circular plateau and is surrounded by beautiful mountains. On the west side of this plateau, the inactive volcano Sablan is located at a height of 4,811 meters, which is constantly hidden in snow. Most of the land in this part of the province is 2000 to 3000
meters above sea level.
The land around the city of Ardabil is limestone and the tree cover in those areas is low, but it is well-drained due to karis and there are important fields and vast pastures. Due to the high altitude of the region, its climate is cold but healthy, and the fruits produced in the region The agriculture of that region is famous for cherries, apples and pears. There are many mineral hot springs around Ardabil, and because of these springs and the mild climate of the city, Ardabil was the summer residence of the kings of Iran.
History of Ardabil
Ordeville is composed of two words ard + ville, where "ard" is the name of the 25th day of every month and also the name of one of the Zoroastrian angels, and it means legal, holy and legitimate, and "ville" which has a very ancient Aryan root is still It is used in European languages to mean city. Therefore, Ardabil will be distorted as "Ardeville" which means "holy city". Ardabil is one of the old cities of Iran, which is about 5000 years old. It is recorded in the Sumerian clay tablets as Arta or Aratta, which makes the city's age up to 5000 years.
Among the historical monuments of Ardabil, some of which date back to the pre-Islamic period, we can mention the village of Ateshgah, Shahrehir, Shahrivar and the Jame Mosque of Ardabil, which used to be the Atesh Temple. Other names of Ardabil in different historical periods were "Daralarshad", "Daralmolek", "Daralarfan", "Daralaman" and "Holy City".
Ardabil and the kingdom of Kikhusro Kiani
The author of the book Rawza al-Safa wrote: "It is said that at the beginning of the present, when Kavus from the dynasty of Kiani kings established the management of the settlement and contract of worship services in the hands of the tact and efficiency of Kikhusro bin Siyavush, Tus Nozar, who was the son of a noble Kavus, This chapter started a conflict and it was close to a major fight between him and Guderzian and the business would be damaged. In the end, it was decided that each of these two princes would conquer the fortress of Ardabil, which had not been conquered by any enemy for many years, and become the king. First, Fariborz and Tous noticed that it was under siege, and no matter how hard they tried and made arrangements, no result was achieved. They had to return deprived and disappointed. And when the rays of Prince Kamkar's majesty fell on that castle and fence, its pillars, which were as firm as Herman's foundation, collapsed, and Kikhusro, Daulatkam, returned to Kavus and decorated Aurang Shahi with his Homayun. Hamdullah Mostofi, the owner of Nozhat al-Qulob, also considers Ardabil to be from Kikhusro, the son of Siavush and the grandson of Kavus. Ferdowsi has also mentioned this story in the Shahnameh, and about the kingdom of Kikavus and the arrival of Kikhosru from Turan to Iran, and the speech of Guderz and Tus about Kikhosru and Friborz in front of Kavus Shah, he begins as follows:
Our two children are now in Ardabil with two people
On the border, there is a fortress of Avalanche
Other theories about the origin of Ardabil
Yaqut Hamavi, in Majam al-Baldan, attributed the building of this city to Firoz Sassani, who reigned in the year 163-139 (483-459 AD) before the Hijra, and called it Firoz Gard. In his book, he called Ardabil one of the most famous cities in Azerbaijan and said that it was the seat of the district before Islam. And in another place he has added that: (They say: Ardabil was one of the buildings of Firoz, known as Bazan Firoz.)
During the Bani Umayyad period, the center of government of Azerbaijan was moved from Maragheh to Ardabil. Yaqut, who personally saw the city of Ardabil, reports about its large population and population, but shortly after Yaqut, the Mongols captured it, destroyed it, and killed all the inhabitants there. Your credit has arrived. Sheikh Safi al-Din Arif was famous in Ardabil and his burial place is in this city as well as several Safavid sultans. One of the famous buildings of this city is the tomb of Sheikh Safiuddin, which had a prestigious library and was dedicated to the tomb during the time of Shah Abbas, but during the Russo-Iranian war in 1828, the Russian general Pskevich took the entire library as a hostage and transferred it to the Petersburg library. . General Gardan built a rampart around the city, which is now in ruins. The location of Ardabil has been very sensitive in history because it is located on the trade route of Tabriz, Astara, and Lankaran, and it is a trade intermediary between the Caucasus and internal cities of Azerbaijan, etc. Its best exports are dry fruits, carpets and wool. During the caliphate of Hazrat Ali (a.s.) Ash'ath made it his seat. In 617 AH, the Mongols captured and destroyed it. But since the time of Sheikh Safi al-Din Ardabili, it flourished again and especially Shah Abbas I decorated the mausoleum and mosque of Sheikh Safi with expensive gifts. At the end of the Safavid period, it fell into the hands of the Ottomans for a short time, but Nadershah Afshar took it back again. During Napoleon's era, General Guardan fortified it and Abbas Mirza held his court there. The European tourists who visited this city include Pietro della Valle in 1619, Adam Olearius in 1637, Taverniho, and James Morier in 1821.
Tati language - Azeri language
Before the migration of Aryans to the plateau of Iran, people lived in this land who were native to the place and spoke a special language. Aryans arrived in these areas from the 20th to the 14th centuries BC, but other research conducted in this field indicates that five thousand years ago, the Urartu people, which researchers consider to be a branch of the Aryan race, lived in this area. They lived in the region that is located in the south of the Caucasus mountains from Armenia to Kurdistan and Khalkhal and Sarab (to the east and south of Ardabil). Ancient languages are divided into three forms, Old Persian, Avesta, and Pahlavi, even though they originally had the same root, and most of the current languages of Iran are considered to be their transformed branches. Ahmad Kasravi believes that the language spoken by the Tats has spread a lot in the past and based on the objective evidence and the researches, it once included all the people of Azerbaijan and Qazvin, but later it has gradually disappeared with the spread and conquest of the Turkish language. In any case, the main root of the Tati language can be considered material, which during many centuries was influenced by Avesta, which was the religious language of the people of this Saman, and ancient Persian, Parthian Pahlavi, Sasanian Pahlavi, and Dari Persian, which were respectively the official languages of the Achaemenid, Parthian, and Sasanian governments. And the post-Islamic governments were, were placed, and today in its latest form, it has come under the title of Tati. Avesta language is known as Avesta language due to the fact that Avesta, Zoroaster's religious book, was written in it. This prophet of ancient Iran came from Azerbaijan and almost certainly from Mughan Ardabil and the slopes of Mount Sablan, and it was the same language as the Medes, so it can be said that the Avesta language is the oldest Aryan language that the ancient Ardabilians probably spoke. After the Arab invasion of Iran, the Arabic language became popular in most parts of the country, but it never fully prevailed. The Turkish language is the legacy of the Turks, which gradually became popular in this region with their gradual influence. Turkic clans came to Iran to obtain pastures and pastures, but they were not allowed to enter Iran with the authority of the Ashkan and Sassanid governments, because the Sassanids were extinct, and as a result, Turkic tribes penetrated into Iran. With the arrival of Turkish-speaking peoples during the Seljuk and Ghaznavid periods, the Turkish language became popular in this region, and since then, the Turkish language has remained in this province. Today, administrative correspondence and academic programs in schools are conducted in Persian language and the youth of this province are fully familiar with Persian language. Also, in some parts of the province, such as Imamroud, Kalor city in Khalkhal and its surrounding villages, the Tati language and a mixture of Talshi, Kurdish and Mazandarani languages are common, and in some places, such as Anbarabad village of Nemin city, the Talshi dialect is common.
Religion in Ardabil province
According to historians, the ancient inhabitants of Ardabil worshiped the Hormuzd religion. When Zoroaster became a prophet, he preached the rules of religion in the plains of Moghan and the slopes of Sablan and then around Lake Urmia. A group of people converted to his religion, but because other Mughals rose up against him, his religion did not progress in that area. In the war between Zoroastrians and pagans, Zoroastrians conquered all the villages and towns around Ardabil. In honor of this victory, they built a fire temple in Ardabil, the traces of which are still there today in a village called Ateshgah, three miles away from this city. Zoroaster migrated to the east of Iran and Turan in the hope of spreading the message of tabligh. According to historians, since he didn't do anything in Turan, he went to "Wishtaseb", the king of Bakhtar, and after he converted him to his religion, his religion spread rapidly in the east and west. This religion was the official religion of Iran until the Arab attack on Iran and naturally the people of Ardabil also adhered to this religion. In the year 22 A.H., Azerbaijan was conquered by the famous Sardar Huzaifa Aliman, at that time Ardabil was the center of the government of Azerbaijan. During the caliphate of Hazrat Ali (AS), Ash'ath was appointed to the government of Azerbaijan, and it was at this time that the majority of the people of Azerbaijan converted to Islam and Islam replaced the previous religion.
In the past, among the followers of other religions, most of all, Armenians lived in Ardabil and had a special neighborhood called "Armenia" after them, and most of their occupations were trade, craftsmanship, and medicine. At the end of the Qajar rule and with the disappearance of the special commercial situation of Ardabil, they also migrated from this city and today no Armenians live in Ardabil.
clothing
Today, the use of local and traditional clothes is obsolete in many parts of Iran, including Ardabil province, and people use the usual clothes of big cities, but in some areas of this province, such as Mughan and Arsbaran regions, and among nomadic nomads and among villagers, the use of Local clothes are worn by both men and women. The local costumes of the Shahson and Arsbaran tribes are one of the most important cultural attractions of this tribe. The men of the tribe do not have special clothes, their suits and hats are known as kepi or Turkish hats, which are similar to the hats of Gilan men; It is the constituent of Shahsuni men's clothing. The women's clothes of Il Shahson, each of them reminds a corner of the clothing of the people of other regions of Iran. A women's scarf consists of a floral pattern that is tied with a bow. Il Shahson women's shirts are made of various and happy colors and are long. turban; It is a shawl they wear and it is similar to the turbans of Gilan, Bakhtiari and Qashqai women. Shahsun women's vests consist of sewn fabrics without sleeves, on which gold and silver coins are sewn, and the number of coins indicates the wealth of the family. Women wear hand-embroidered shoes that are made in various and cheerful colors. The mentioned cover is also common among some villages of East Azarbaijan and West Azarbaijan provinces.
Ardabil souvenirs
Among the most important souvenirs of Ardabil are candies, sunflower seeds, black halvah, sarshir, local sweets, rustic chocolates, Sablan natural honey, Sablan flower extract and butter. Ardabil black halva is a concoction made from wheat germ and natural butter and is very nutritious.
Handicrafts
Handicrafts of Ardabil are mostly made by nomads and residents of small towns and villages in the region. Carpet weaving, rug weaving and jajim weaving are among the oldest handicrafts of Ardabil city, which have great fame and special importance. Among them, carpet weaving is very important and Ardabil carpet is considered among the exquisite carpets of Azerbaijan. The broken and slimy map forms the background of carpets produced by Ardabili carpet weavers. Among the most important designs of these maps, we can mention scissors, single flower, star, small fish, van, Harris, underground, ram's head, Zarin Qalam, Karabagh design, Lakh Taranj and the like. Other handicrafts of Ardabil city include shawl weaving, woolen socks, backs, crocheting, khurjin weaving, silver work, pen making, inlay work, wood and metal crafts, and pottery. According to the available statistics, 80% of the carpets produced in Ardabil city are exported abroad, mostly to Germany, Italy, France and Japan. Ardabil is a city with a rich cultural history and civilization, which lies in the historical works and buildings, natural resources, and the behaviors and customs of this land.
