History or background of the province:
During the Achaemenid era, the current province was part of the Median States and parts of the southern part of it were part of the "Almais" land. In the early centuries of Hijri, geographers named it as a part of the Pahlavi region under the name of Kohistan or Qahestan (Jebal). Later, in the era of Seljuk, this system of Iraq was called Ajam.
Existence of caves such as Shazand Cave (Ki Khosro). Sule Khunza Cave, Qala Joq Cave (mausoleum), Hizaj Cave and Anjdan caves, as well as large fire temples such as Khorhe fire temple in Mahalat and Barzo fire temple in Rahjard Arak and Azargashb fire temple in Farahan - which was one of the three famous Sassanid fire temples - show This province has a long history.
The presence of numerous shrines, some of which are of great importance, such as Imamzadeh Sahl bin Ali (a.s.) and Imamzadeh Muhammad Abed (a.s.) in Arak and Abniyeh, as well as sacred religious places and historical monuments in various cities of the central province, such as the Jame Mosque in the city of Sawah and the minaret of the Imamzadeh Mosque 72 Ton Sarouq The 6th century (Mongol era) Sheshnav Tafarsh Grand Mosque (Seljuq era) as well as prominent religious, literary, scientific, artistic and political figures show its wide capabilities.
Ethnic status:
The ecological conditions suitable for the nomadic life and the strategic importance of the Ajam region of Iraq and its transit time caused this region to attract the attention of nomadic tribes throughout history and groups of tribes and nomads, with different races and cultures, from the early Iranian natives to the Arab immigrants. And Mongol, Tatar and invaders settled in this area. And during the Qajar era, Turkish tribes migrated to this area.
Cultural characteristics:
1 - Contingent agreement:
In cities such as Saveh, Dilijan, Tafarsh and Ashtian, which have a unified social context, the spirit of cooperation and participation among people in all community affairs is still well evident. In the city of Arak, the spirit of solidarity and cooperation is seen. Because the city, due to its special location compared to other cities of the province, has always welcomed many immigrants with different cultures.
2- Being satisfied:
In the cities of this province, the degree of acceptance of new phenomena in the society is directly related to the effect that the establishment of that phenomenon has on the material and spiritual interests of the people. However, in some cases, despite the desire or unwillingness of a society and according to the historical necessity of a new phenomenon, it establishes its presence. In some cases, new phenomena reveal their consequences well, and in this case, if they are progressive, they are naturally accepted by the people of the province.
3- Chivalry:
The active presence of teenagers and young people of this province in 8 years of holy defense and their continued activity in Basij bases
4- Flexibility
Influence and change of behavior and mood due to lack of coherent and integrated cultural background in the province is more than other provinces. What is seen today in the behavior and mood of most of the residents of the province's cities indicates the fading of the traditions, beliefs and beliefs of the past.
5- Fairness:
Fairness is one of the basic human values. These values can only be obtained through the ability of people who are aware of their human rights and have an active role in society, and the people of this province are not deprived of this value.
6-Confidence:
Cultural commonalities can create a spirit of cooperation and empathy between the groups and population living in the province, so that in the light of such empathy and spirit of cooperation, stability and security can be created.
7-Isolationism:
The confrontation between the rural culture and the urban culture, the confrontation between the culture of the native people of the city and the culture of the immigrants who have moved to this city due to the existence of the labor market and industrial activity are among the factors that have weakened the cooperation and cooperation of the people.
8-Hospitality:
Considering that hospitality is one of the good characteristics of Iranian civilization, which is famous in the world. Central province is not without benefit from this good. The example of this word is the openness of this region in welcoming different classes in national, academic, industrial, cultural centers, etc.
9-Other things that exist in the region:
In order to examine the state of participation and presence of the people of the province, it should be said that the presence and participation in mass rallies and conferences is exciting and this spirit is still evident among the people in all economic, social and cultural affairs of the society.
Religious Status:
The vast majority of Muslims living in the central province, with 99.79 percent, are Shia, and after that, Christian (0.05), Kilimi (0.03), Zoroastrian (0.02) religious minorities live in the province.
Cultural status:
Culture is the only element that gives direction to humans, that is, the only factor that creates culture, and creates the necessary grounds for transformation in human societies. Due to its vastness and ancient history, Central Province has diverse and even unique cultural characteristics.
Cultural problems:
Confronting the western culture and deepening the Islamic culture is not possible except by providing sufficient hardware and software, including the construction and purchase of cultural and artistic places and equipment in different parts of the province, and in parallel with the increase in the production and supply of industrial products, in the context of culture as well. Production and presentation of all kinds of formats and cultural and artistic products, including books, theater, cinema, is the guarantor of all-round development and immunity.
In the matter of cultural institutions, Central Province has often been leading and distinguished, as signs of the first press, cultural groups and associations can be found in this area. Currently, there is a desire to open cultural centers in different strata of Central Province. In terms of using new technologies, cultural institutions and institutions are not in a very good condition. Despite being the leader in providing cultural works and products in the past decades, currently these centers do not have the necessary points in the national ranking. For example, the central province has degraded in terms of the quality growth of the press and the indicators of print reading, book reading, etc., and it is hoped that it will gradually reach the required position by creating classes and providing the necessary support.
In terms of physical infrastructure and equipment, Central Province suffers from deficiencies like in other parts of the country, which is poor in some issues such as per capita cultural spaces at the national average and in some issues such as printing and publishing equipment.
Despite the fact that specific and targeted research has not been done on the anthropology of the residents of Central Province, based on the evidence and examples, it can be said that the cultural-ethnic characteristics are different in Central Province. For example, in the areas that have more historical history, there is more cultural harmony, and in the areas that are less old and have been targeted by migrations, it is less. In Arak, as the center of the central province and an industrial and immigrant-friendly city, the least cultural harmony is observed, and this is considered one of the cultural problems of this area.
In general, it can be said that in terms of historical background, the existence of cultural personalities and elites, and the existence of cultural and social infrastructures, Central Province has many cultural capabilities, which in case of basic planning and coordination of government and other institutions Cultural centers, the capabilities of this area have simply been revealed in the short term, there is a possibility of cultural development in it.
The most important cultural programs needed in the province are the activities that, by emphasizing the training courses of all those involved in the cultural centers, will bring about consensus among the institutions and groups active in the cultural fields.
Improving credits, encouraging investment in the culture sector, forming cultural classes and conducting research and gathering information with an emphasis on electronic government are among the actions that have priority in the center province.
Cultural and artistic personalities:
Central province has been the breeding ground of many great people in the fields of science, history, art, politics,...
The scientific-religious personalities of the province are considered to be the most important capitals of this region. Perhaps the central province has a special privilege and prominence in the country in this regard. A brief review of the available sources and references about the central province shows that dozens of great scholars and authorities of Shia history - especially in the last hundred years - have emerged from the cities and villages of this province.
celebrities
A- Prominent religious celebrities
Hazrat Imam Khomeini: Grand Ayatollah Ruhollah Mousavi Khomeini, the founder of the Islamic Republic, received his preliminary and supplementary education in the presence of Ayatollah Haeri Yazdi and reached the level of ijtihad, and he himself was engaged in teaching jurisprudence and principles and studying philosophy and wisdom. His entire blessed life was spent in political campaigns against the Taghut. The works of Imam (RA) are divided into the following 10 topics: mysticism, ethics, philosophy, jurisprudence, the principles of men's jurisprudence, scholarly treatises, government, imamate and spirituality, and poetry. Among his works are: The Meeting of Allah, Tafsir of Surah Hamad, Etiquette of Prayer, Commentary on the Hadith of the Soldiers of Aql and Jahl, Kitab al-Taharah, Tahrir al-Wasila, Explication of Al-Masal, Risalah Nuvin, Kashf al-Asrar, Diwan Shaer and other valuable works.
Mohammad Ali Araki: Ayatollah Azami Araki was one of the students of Hajj Sheikh Abd al-Karim Haeri and benefited from the lessons of jurisprudence and principles of that great man for 8 years. He had spiritual qualities and special moral qualities, including his interest in Imam Hussain (AS). During his studies and teaching, this Radmard brought many works to the Shiite community, including: Explanatory Notes, Hajj Rituals, Kitab Al-Khiyarat, Al-Makateb al-Muharmah and other valuable works.
Agha Nur al-Din Iraqi: He started his primary education in Sepahdar School of Arak and studied in the presence of professors such as Mulla Mohammad Amin, Mirza Habibalah Dashti, Ayatollah Khorasani, etc., and reached the level of ijtihad. A treatise on the principles of ideas and...
Among other prominent religious celebrities: Ayatollah Haj Agha Mohsen Iraqi, Agha Ziauddin, Jalaluddin Ashtianini.
B- Prominent celebrities of culture and literature
Ismail Ashtiani (Sholeh): He is one of the prominent writers of the province who was also proficient in painting. His painting style is the same as that of Kamal al-Molk. With the difference that he paid special attention and importance to the poetic aspect of painting, and the painting of the progress of Iranian education and Hafez is the best proof of this claim. Among his works: Invention of the alphabet for Persian script - correction and revision of Diwan Manochehari Damghani, travel book of Europe, school of Kamal al-Molk, Quranic supplications, Diwan of Poems and
Adib al-Mamalek Farahani: He is one of the prominent poets and writers of the province. He was in charge of writing and managing Adab newspaper in Mashhad, Yumiyeh Turki in Baku, Iraq Ajam in Tehran, Majlis in Tehran, the official newspaper of Iran.
Mohammad Khazaili: While teaching in national schools, he founded Khazaeli schools, which were several affiliated institutions, and wrote scientific and literary books. Among his most important works, he mentioned the commandments of the Qur'an, the announcement of the Qur'an, the immortal order, the description of Saadi's Golestan, the description of Saadi's garden, self-taught wisdom, a brief history of philosophy and aesthetics, and
Ebrahim Dehgan: He was very fond of books and loved to collect manuscripts and historical books, for this reason, while studying and pondering the contents of books, he collected nearly 3000 volumes of exquisite books and manuscripts during his life, and when he died, 2500 volumes of books. Printed books along with 255 handwritten and exquisite copies were donated to Arak Public Library by his children.
Mohammad Reza Mataat: that by creating works such as the image of the city of Arak, the image of Arak, the names of Arak, the name of the central province, the attractions of Iran tourism in the province, the examination of calligraphy and the alphabet in Iran, the attitude towards the number seven in different countries and religions, the history of Madh or the current land of the province Merazi is considered one of the famous and prominent writers of the province.
C - Prominent celebrities of art
Isa Khan Bahadri: He had an exceptional skill in creating innovative carpet designs. His humanity carpet is available in Isfahan Museum of Fine Arts along with some other outstanding works. He was a master painter.
Haj Hasan Ali Nakisai Tafarsh: He is one of the greats of music. 11 songs have been recorded from him, which are in Sehgah, Chahargah, Nava, Bayat Isfahan, Afshari, Abu Ata, which are with the strings of Ali Akbar Khan Shahbazi, and 4 of them are with the piano of Morteza Mahjoubi.
Mr. Ali Akbar Khan Farahani: He is one of the great musicians who was one of the prominent teachers in string playing.
Mr. Hossein Qoli Farahani: He was very agile and powerful in playing the tar. His drumsticks were strong and melodious, and his left and right hand movements were performed correctly.
Mirza Abdullah Farahani: He was a pleasant and well-behaved person and was very skilled in playing the three strings.
Fatah Ali Vashghani Farahani: He is one of the prominent calligraphy teachers in the province. He is the main member of the Iran calligraphers association and has left many works and books. The most important work of the teacher is Kolk Meshkin.
Among other prominent art celebrities of the province: Professor Abdullah Davami - Professor Shapour Hatami - Behzad Farahani and 000
D- Prominent scientific celebrities
Professor Mahmoud Hasabi: He was born to Tafarshi parents and began his primary education in Beirut and immigrated to America to continue his education and succeeded in obtaining a bachelor's degree. Then he went to France to continue his studies and pursued his research in the field of physics, and at the age of 25, he received his doctorate in physics with the thesis "Sensitivity of Photoelectric Cells" with an excellent grade. During his lifetime, he was the source of many scientific and cultural jobs and services, including: establishing the engineering school of the Ministry of Roads and surveying the ceremony of the first modern map of the coastal road, establishing a high school of knowledge, establishing the first meteorological station, determining the area of Iran, establishing the faculty of science and the presidency , and technical and engineering, drafting the law and establishing the Standard Institute, establishing the Atomic Energy Organization, the founder and member of the Iranian Language Academy, etc. He was the only Iranian student of Professor Einstein. He was recognized as the world's first scientific man by the world scientific community and was recognized as the father of physics at the 60th Iranian Physics Congress.
Dr. Chamran, Ashtiani
The emergence and formation of the first modern education centers after the establishment of Dar al-Funun
From the written works related to the years 1290 to 1300, it appears that the city of Arak is the first city that built the first modern school (Samsami School) with the efforts of cultural enthusiasts and lovers of culture, with public funds, and with the special efforts of the teachers. Dar al-Funun is invited to it, and with what enthusiasm in a short time, people are drawn to the school and the classrooms, and they start scientific education in this city, and after a short period of time, 20 girls' and boys' schools are built around it. .
Newspapers and magazines
If we do not claim that "Vaqai-etfaqiyeh" is the first official newspaper of Iran in the new political era, which was published by the efforts of Prime Minister Amir Kabir (although the newspaper published by Mirza Saleh Shirazi during the reign of governor, it was the first newspaper of Iran that arose from determination and intellectual innovation and the order and emphasis was in the sending of Mirza Saleh to Europe and the influence of the viceroy played the main role in its creation) it is at least the most important newspaper that the residents of this country were the main creators of. "Iraq Ajam" newspaper, one of the most important newspapers in Iran, was published by the efforts of Adib al-Mamalek Farahani, and then "Etfaq" newspaper by Mirzataher Fotografbashi and ten other newspapers entered the information society of the region until in Arak city from 1312 to 1354, a newspaper with 42 years of publishing history appeared.
Important historical and pilgrimage centers:
Historical and ancient attractions of central province
The current area of the Central Province is one of the ancient centers of civilization in the plateau of the Iranian continent, which contains many historical monuments.
These works belong to different eras from prehistoric times to the contemporary era, and are divided into two main groups.
The first group: It consists of ancient hills and sites, except for a few, all of which are located around the city of Saveh.
These hills contain works from the prehistoric, Parthian, Sasanian and Islamic periods.
The second group: the surviving historical buildings from the very ancient Seleucid and Sasanian eras to the late Qajar period, the oldest of these works is the Seleucid temple. And the most recent of them are the Bazaar complex, Four Seasons Bath and Arak Bazaar row, which belong to the Qajar period. These buildings were mainly built in the Seljuk, Safavid, Zandiyeh and Qajar periods. some of which are in danger of disappearing. Among these works, there are a number of religious places such as tombs, mosques and minarets. Other historical works and buildings include caravanserai, reservoirs, dome, bridge and bath.
House of Hazrat Imam Khomeini (RA)
Imam's paternal house, which is located on the northern bank of the Khomein River in the old neighborhood of Sarpol, is a valuable historical heritage that is visited by a large number of Iranian and world travelers. This house is one of the buildings of the Qajar period and is about 160 years old. The architecture of this building is in the oriental-Islamic style and the main materials used in it are clay, mud and wood.
This building was bought by the grandfather of the late Imam Haj Sidahmad in 1255 AH from a person named Mohsen Khan for ninety Tomans. And as Ayatollah Pasandideh, the elder brother of the Imam, has narrated in his memoirs, this house was a shelter for the people during the unpleasant days of the rebels' attack on Khomein. During the attack of the rebels, everyone used to gather in this house. Women and children were sleeping in many rooms. And the men on top of the towers defended the fortress and pushed back the attackers.
Hazrat Imam left this house at the age of 19 to continue his education and went to Arak and then to Qom. But they kept going back and forth to this father's house.
Salar Mohtsham's mansion
This building is located in the city of Khomein and it is valuable in terms of physical construction and architecture. The architectural style of the interior space, the type of materials and the building frame has made it a unique architectural phenomenon in the Khomein region.
Historical and ancient castles of the province
Ardmin Castle
At 56 km of Saveh-Hamadan road, at the end of Ghareghabad highway, at a distance of 16 km, there is a clean and green village called Armin, which is located on the southern slope of Rahman mountains. In the middle of the settlement and inside the residential context and gardens, a huge building stands out, which the people call the castle
Elvir Castle
Tarikhi Elvir Castle is another historical place located in the northwest of Saveh city. Alvir is considered a historical village with three ancient hills within its boundaries.
Haj Vakil castle
Haj Vakil Castle is one of the other buildings that used to be the location of the carpet weaving workshops of the American company Ziegler. At that time, carpets, which are mainly known as Saruq carpets, were woven in Arak and exported abroad. The major part of this building has been destroyed and only the residential part remains.
Ismailia Castle
This castle was built next to the Qazkalah village on the Qara Dagh mountain, 35 km southwest of Saveh.
Jamshidi Castle
This castle is located in Neymur Mahalat and the date of its construction is not known exactly.
Aga Khan Mahalati Castle
This castle is located in the southern part of Mahalat city, most of which has been destroyed.
Khosravani Castle
This castle has remained in a semi-ruined form inside the city of Mahalat.
Old markets
Naraq Bazaar
The historical city of Naraq is located between Mashhad, Ardahal and Dilijan. Valuable and remaining historical works. This city is an old covered bazaar. This market is related to the Qajar era.
Arak Bazaar
Arak market, which dates back to 1228 AH. It seems that it has a unique appearance in terms of the type of architecture, in such a way that all the main parts of the bazaar are placed in a straight row. And the side paths known as passage and houses which are mainly places of carpet trading are placed perpendicular to the main part of the market. Its main materials are brick and clay. Next to this market, there is a historical monument of Arak military school.
Other historical monuments of central province
Water mills, statue of Amr or Omre, Neymur glacier, four seasons bath, Sepehdari school, Timche Bazar Khomein
Old mosques
Mahalat Grand Mosque
This mosque is located in the center of the old city of Mahalat and is also known as Friday Mosque. The date of its construction is related to the time of Osman.
Neymur Grand Mosque
Nimour Jame Mosque is one of the very old mosques, there is no documented information about the exact date of construction of this mosque.
Shabestan Jame Khomein Mosque
Khomein Shahr Jame Mosque, which is about a century old, is located next to the bazaar and in a hollow place.
Naraq Grand Mosque
A group believes that a person named Mohammad Khan - the ruler of this region - was the founder of this mosque.
Saveh Grand Mosque
Saveh Jame Mosque is one of the valuable works of the Seljuk period, which was founded at the beginning of the 6th century AH at the same time as the city of Saveh.
Maidan Mosque (red)
On the northern side of the old Saveh Square (Revolution Square) there is a mosque called the Red Mosque, and it is apparently named because of the red decorations and inscriptions of this mosque. Bazar Mosque in Saveh, which belongs to the Zandiye period.
Tafaresh Jame Mosque in Tafaresh, which is related to the Seljuk period.
Imamzades and shrines
Imamzadeh Yahya and Fazl Reza
This tomb is located in Koi Balai Mahalat and next to Sarcheshme Street in the public cemetery.
Imamzadeh Prince Musa
The building of Imamzadeh is located in the lower neighborhood of Mahalat.
Imamzadeh Prince Ismail
This building is located in the city of Neymur and includes a mausoleum, a porch, and a courtyard that have been renovated in the recent period. The mausoleum is apparently from the 8th century AH building.
Imamzadeh Bojan
This tomb is located in Yujan village of Khomein city.
Imamzadeh Abdullah
One of the pilgrimage centers of Khomein city is in Reyhan village.
Imamzadeh Prince Ishaq
This tomb is located in Bijgan village of Jaseb district of Dilijan city and it is a square tomb.
Imamzadeh Aun bin Ali
This building is located at the foot of the mountain and outside the village of Karogan Jaseb, a function of Dilijan city, and it is an ancient building without a porch.
Imamzadeh Prince Yahya and Shah Hadi
Outside the city of Naraq, there is a cemetery where two monuments of Imamzadeh can be seen, one of Shah Hadi and the other of Prince Yahya.
Shrine of Hazrat Masoumeh
This tomb is located in the north and near the city of Naraq, and two sisters named Katbah and Maryam and two brothers named Abu al-Qasim and Muhammad, the children of Imam Musa bin Jafar (a.s.), are buried in it.
The pilgrimage site of Ghar Si Jin
Si Jen Cave is located in the village of Varan Jaseb. The local people believe that thirty young men disappeared in this cave. There is also a mosque nearby which is known as Kamil Mosque.
Imamzadeh Khorhe
This Imamzadeh belongs to three of the children of Imam Musa Kazem (a.s.) named Prince Abul Qasim, Prince Ishaq and Prince Hakima Khatun.
Imamzadeh Sahl bin Ali (a.s.)
The tomb of Sahl bin Ali (AS) is located in the city of Astana among the natural and impressive attractions of the Sarband region, and the Imamzadeh building is one of the relics of the Al-Buyeh era.
Imamzade Seyyed Haroun
Imamzade Seyyed Haroun is located in Tarz Nahid village (10 km east of Saveh city).
Imamzadeh, 72 tons
Imamzadeh, 72 Ton, is located in Sarouk village of Komijan district.
Abul Alaa tomb
This tomb is located in the city of Tafaresh, among gardens and stout walnut and plantain trees, and is of great religious and historical importance.
Tomb of Shah Gharib and Shah Qalandar
Anjdan village is one of the villages that has a long history and is located 37 kilometers east of Arak. The mausoleums of Shah Gharib and Shah Qalandar (who were leaders of the Ismaili sect) and also the mausoleum of Forty Girls are located in this village. The date of construction of these buildings dates back to the Safavid period.
Imamzade Seyyed Abu Reza
The tomb of Imamzadeh Siya Abu Reza, who is a descendant of Imam Musa Kazem (AS), is located next to Saveh Bazaar.
Prince Ibrahim
This tomb is located in the village of Mashhad al-Kuba, 45 km north of Arak, among the buildings of the Safavid period.
Imamzadeh Hawa Khatun
This building is located in the southeast of Motabad village, about 15 km from the Arak-Qom road.
Imamzade Sultan Seyyed Ishaq
This building is located a few meters away from Jame Mosque.
Imamzadeh Suleiman, Fazl and Musa
It is in the north of Saveh village, 20 kilometers from Saveh. There is a historical dome in which Fazl, Suleiman, Musa and Abdullah - immediate children of Imam Kazem (AS) were buried in 556 AH.
Imamzadeh Prince Ahmad
This tomb is located in Kohin village of Tafarsh district in Sine Koh.
Imamzadeh Prince Ismail
This building is located in Yalabad village near Saveh.
Imamzadeh Prince Abdullah
This building is located in Guderz village, 30 km from Arak to Khomein road.
Imamzadeh Prince Abdullah Ojan
This building is located between Ave and Saveh, near the Isfahan-Tehran road.
Imamzadeh Prince Qasim
This building is located a few kilometers from Tarkhoran village and is the burial place of Prince Qasimin Hamza bin Imam Musa al-Kazim (a.s.).
Imamzadeh Prince Mohsen
The building of this Imamzadeh is located in Arak.
Imamzadeh Prince Mahmoud and Yusuf
This tomb is located in Shahsavaran village of Arak.
- Geographical location of the province
The central province with an area of 29405 square kilometers has allocated 1.79% of the total area of the country and is located approximately in the center of Iran between 33 degrees 23 minutes to 35 minutes north latitude and 48 degrees 56 minutes to 51 degrees from the Greenwich meridian. is placed
Country divisions:
This province is limited to Tehran and Qazvin provinces from the north, Lorestan and Isfahan provinces from the south, Qom province from the east and Hamedan province from the west.
Language and dialect:
Language is one of the cultural elements and also one of the most important carriers of culture transmission. A language may spread, grow and expand in relation to religion, ethnicity, government and other factors including social and political developments, or its scope may be limited and smaller.
In the central province, the common language and interface everywhere is Persian. But the people of some parts of the region speak Dari, Turkish (mostly spoken in the villages of Farahan, Kamijan, Saveh and Khandab), Tati (mostly spoken in the villages of Vafs, Astana, Tafarsh), Raji (which is the dialect of the people of Dilijan) and This dialect is considered to be a remnant of the ancient Median language, and the word Raji is assigned to (Rei) and transformed into (Razi). The Armenian language still exists in some places. Among the mentioned languages, Lori, Armenian, Khalji and in some places Turkish language are connected with ethnic groups. In addition to these, the nomads (gypsies) who used to come to this region seasonally in winters and summers, had a kind of artificial language or ((Luther)) which was mainly influenced by their industrial and trading work.
This diversity of dialects itself indicates the existence of different cultures, each of which, despite cultural integration and continuity, preserves and implements its own customs and traditions, some of which are still alive and some of which are being forgotten and lost.
